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India–Pakistan Conflict

The India–Pakistan conflict: the Kashmir dispute, the Line of Control, cross-border firing and ceasefire violations, and the intermittent peace diplomacy between the two nuclear-armed neighbours.

28 FACTSUPDATED May 7RSSJSON
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28 FACTS · 11 SPOTS IN WINDOW
2016
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2019
2020
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2022
2023
2024
2025
Pakistan releases Indian pilot Abhinandan Varthaman in peace gesture2019-03-01✓ VERIFIED3 VIEWS
India revokes Jammu and Kashmir's special status, splits state into two union territories2019-08-05✓ VERIFIED3 VIEWS
Kartarpur Corridor Opens, Allowing Visa-Free Sikh Pilgrimage to Pakistan2019-11-09✓ VERIFIED1 VIEWS
India and Pakistan reaffirm 2003 ceasefire along Line of Control2021-02-25✓ VERIFIED1 VIEWS
Pakistan permits Indian wheat transit to Afghanistan for first time since 20192022-02-22✓ VERIFIED3 VIEWS
Five Indian soldiers killed in Poonch ambush on April 20, 20232023-04-20✓ VERIFIED3 VIEWS
Supreme Court upholds abrogation of Article 370 in unanimous verdict2023-12-11✓ VERIFIED4 VIEWS
Gunmen attack bus carrying Hindu pilgrims in Kashmir, killing nine2024-06-09✓ VERIFIED3 VIEWS
Jammu and Kashmir holds first assembly election since 20142024-09-18✓ VERIFIED3 VIEWS
Pakistan hosts ICC Champions Trophy 2025; India plays in Dubai under hybrid model2025-02-19✓ VERIFIED3 VIEWS
Pakistan suspends trade and closes airspace to India after Pahalgam attack2025-04-24✓ VERIFIED4 VIEWS

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THE WIRE

2025-05-07
12:00 UTC
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India strikes terror camps in Pakistan, including Bahawalpur, after Pahalgam attack

In late April 2025, India launched Operation Sindoor, striking terror camps in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir in retaliation for the Pahalgam attack that killed 26 people. The strikes targeted infrastructure used by militants, including a Jaish-e-Mohammed headquarters in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. The operation was confirmed by Indian officials and reported by international media.

✓ VERIFIED3 SOURCESBahawalpur, Pakistan
2025-05-07
00:00 UTC
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India and Pakistan trade cross-border fire in early May 2025, both sides report casualties

In early May 2025, India and Pakistan engaged in intense cross-border fire along the Line of Control in Kashmir, with both sides reporting military and civilian casualties. The clashes, which occurred from May 7-10, were triggered by a terrorist attack in Pahalgam that killed 26 civilians, leading India to launch Operation Sindoor. Tens of thousands fled the region amid heavy shelling and drone attacks. A ceasefire was announced on May 10, but both sides accused each other of violating it shortly after.

✓ VERIFIED4 SOURCESLine of Control, Kashmir
2025-04-24
12:00 UTC
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Pakistan suspends trade and closes airspace to India after Pahalgam attack

On 24 April 2025, Pakistan suspended all trade with India and closed its airspace to Indian flights, escalating tensions following the Pahalgam terrorist attack in Indian-administered Kashmir. The measures included the closure of the Attari-Wagah border crossing and a NOTAM banning Indian aircraft from Pakistani airspace. India reciprocated with similar restrictions, and the airspace closure has been extended multiple times, remaining in effect through 2026.

✓ VERIFIED4 SOURCESPakistan
2025-04-23
12:00 UTC
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India recalls high commissioner from Pakistan amid 2025 crisis

On 23 April 2025, India recalled its high commissioner from Islamabad, Pakistan, following the Pahalgam terrorist attack that killed 26 civilians on 22 April. The recall was part of a series of diplomatic measures taken by India, including expelling Pakistani diplomats and suspending the Indus Waters Treaty. The crisis escalated into military conflict in May 2025 before a ceasefire was reached on 10 May.

✓ VERIFIED3 SOURCESIslamabad, Pakistan
2025-04-23
12:00 UTC
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India suspends Indus Waters Treaty, seals borders after Pahalgam attack

On 23 April 2025, the Government of India suspended the Indus Waters Treaty with Pakistan, citing national security concerns and alleged Pakistani support for militancy following the Pahalgam attack that killed 26 tourists. India also sealed border crossings, expelled Pakistani military advisers, and froze Pakistan-linked bank accounts. Pakistan denied involvement and retaliated by suspending the Simla Agreement, restricting trade, and closing airspace. The crisis escalated into a brief military conflict in May 2025 before a ceasefire was reached.

✓ VERIFIED3 SOURCESIndia
2025-04-22
12:00 UTC
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Gunmen kill 26 tourists in Kashmir's Pahalgam; Pakistan-linked group claims attack

On 22 April 2025, gunmen opened fire on tourists at a meadow near Pahalgam in Jammu and Kashmir, killing 26 people, most of them Indian tourists. The attack was later claimed by The Resistance Front (TRF), a proxy of the Pakistan-based Lashkar-e-Taiba. India's National Investigation Agency charged Hafiz Saeed and others, accusing Pakistan of backing the attack, which Pakistan denies.

✓ VERIFIED5 SOURCESPahalgam, Jammu and Kashmir, India
2025-04-22
12:00 UTC
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India launches Operation Sindoor, strikes militant camps in Pakistan-administered Kashmir

In late April 2025, India launched Operation Sindoor, a military operation targeting militant training camps in Pakistani-administered Kashmir across the Line of Control. The strikes were in response to a terror attack in Pahalgam that killed 26 people on April 22. According to the Associated Press, India fired missiles into Pakistani-controlled territory, killing at least 26, and Pakistan's leader condemned the strikes as an act of war. Subsequent reports indicate the operation also targeted Jaish-e-Mohammed's headquarters in Bahawalpur, which was later rebuilt.

✓ VERIFIED3 SOURCESLine of Control, Kashmir
2025-02-19
12:00 UTC
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Pakistan hosts ICC Champions Trophy 2025; India plays in Dubai under hybrid model

The ICC Champions Trophy 2025 was hosted by Pakistan, with India playing all its matches in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, under the hybrid model. The hybrid model was approved by the ICC in December 2024, with the PCB agreeing to the arrangement. India's matches, including the final, were played at the Dubai International Cricket Stadium.

✓ VERIFIED3 SOURCESPakistan and Dubai, UAE
2024-10-15
00:00 UTC
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Jaishankar attends SCO summit in Islamabad, first Indian FM visit to Pakistan in nearly a decade

On 15 and 16 October 2024, India's External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar attended the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Council of Heads of Government meeting in Islamabad, Pakistan. This was the first visit by an Indian foreign minister to Pakistan in nearly a decade. The summit was chaired by Pakistan's Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif and included leaders from SCO member states.

✓ VERIFIED1 SOURCESIslamabad, Pakistan
2024-10-08
12:00 UTC
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NC-Congress alliance wins J&K election; Omar Abdullah becomes Chief Minister

In the October 2024 Jammu and Kashmir assembly election, the National Conference-Congress alliance secured a majority, with the NC winning 42 seats and Congress 6 in the 90-member assembly. Omar Abdullah of the National Conference was sworn in as Chief Minister. Congress initially chose not to join the government, despite being part of the alliance.

✓ VERIFIED3 SOURCESJammu and Kashmir, India
2024-09-18
00:00 UTC
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Jammu and Kashmir holds first assembly election since 2014

In September and October 2024, Jammu and Kashmir held its first assembly election since 2014, following India's revocation of the region's special status in 2019. The election was conducted in multiple phases, with results announced in October. The Jammu and Kashmir National Conference (JKNC) emerged as the leading party, winning several constituencies, including Chrar-i-sharief and Bijbehara. The election was seen as a significant political event, revealing enduring political fault lines in the region.

✓ VERIFIED3 SOURCESJammu and Kashmir, India
2024-06-09
12:00 UTC
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Gunmen attack bus carrying Hindu pilgrims in Kashmir, killing nine

On 9 June 2024, unidentified gunmen opened fire on a bus carrying Hindu pilgrims in Reasi district, Jammu and Kashmir, India. The bus, traveling from Shiv Khori cave to Katra, veered off the road into a deep gorge after the attack. Nine people were killed and dozens injured. The Resistance Front initially claimed responsibility but later denied involvement, while Jammu and Kashmir Police suspect Lashkar-e-Taiba.

✓ VERIFIED3 SOURCESReasi district, Jammu and Kashmir, India
2023-12-11
12:00 UTC
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Supreme Court upholds abrogation of Article 370 in unanimous verdict

On 11 December 2023, a five-judge constitution bench of the Supreme Court of India unanimously upheld the constitutional validity of the 2019 abrogation of Article 370, which had stripped Jammu and Kashmir of its special status. The court also directed the restoration of statehood for Jammu and Kashmir and ordered that legislative assembly elections be held by September 2024. The verdict was delivered by Chief Justice D.Y. Chandrachud and four other judges, responding to a batch of petitions challenging the government's action.

✓ VERIFIED3 SOURCESNew Delhi, India
2023-05-22
00:00 UTC
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India hosts G20 tourism meet in Kashmir; Pakistan protests

India hosted a G20 tourism working group meeting in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, from 22 to 24 May 2023. Pakistan condemned the event, stating it was held in a disputed territory. China also voiced opposition. The meeting was the first major diplomatic event in the region since India revoked its special status in 2019.

✓ VERIFIED1 SOURCESSrinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
2023-04-20
12:00 UTC
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Five Indian soldiers killed in Poonch ambush on April 20, 2023

On 20 April 2023, gunmen ambushed an Indian army vehicle in Poonch district of Jammu and Kashmir, killing five soldiers of the Rashtriya Rifles and injuring one. The attack occurred near the Dehra Ki Gali-Buffliaz road, and a preliminary investigation indicated the involvement of seven Lashkar-e-Taiba terrorists using rocket-propelled grenades. The incident was widely reported by Indian media, including Hindustan Times, and later referenced in reports about the subsequent custodial deaths of three civilians in December 2023.

✓ VERIFIED4 SOURCESPoonch district, Jammu and Kashmir, India
2022-03-09
12:00 UTC
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India accidentally fires BrahMos missile into Pakistan, no casualties

On 9 March 2022, an Indian BrahMos cruise missile was accidentally fired into Pakistan, landing near Mian Channu in Punjab province. India's Defence Ministry stated that a technical malfunction during routine maintenance caused the accidental firing. The missile damaged a wall in a residential area, but no loss of life was reported. Pakistan summoned the Indian envoy to protest the incident.

✓ VERIFIED3 SOURCESMian Channu, Punjab, Pakistan
2022-02-22
15:51 UTC
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Pakistan permits Indian wheat transit to Afghanistan for first time since 2019

In February 2022, Pakistan allowed Indian wheat shipments to transit through its territory to Afghanistan for the first time since 2019. The first convoy of 50 trucks carrying around 2,500 metric tonnes of wheat reached the Attari-Wagah border crossing, where Afghan trucks took over the consignment. The shipment was part of India's commitment to supply 50,000 metric tonnes of wheat to Afghanistan, handed over to the UN World Food Programme in Jalalabad.

✓ VERIFIED1 SOURCESAttari-Wagah border, India-Pakistan
2021-02-25
12:00 UTC
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India and Pakistan reaffirm 2003 ceasefire along Line of Control

On 25 February 2021, India and Pakistan issued a joint statement reaffirming their commitment to the 2003 ceasefire along the Line of Control (LoC) in Kashmir. The announcement came after months of border skirmishes that had escalated since November 2020, resulting in dozens of casualties on both sides. The joint statement was issued following a hotline conversation between the Directors General of Military Operations (DGMOs) of both countries. The ceasefire was intended to restore peace and stability along the de facto border.

✓ VERIFIED3 SOURCESLine of Control, Kashmir
2019-11-09
12:00 UTC
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Kartarpur Corridor Opens, Allowing Visa-Free Sikh Pilgrimage to Pakistan

On 9 November 2019, the Kartarpur Corridor was inaugurated, connecting Gurdwara Darbar Sahib in Kartarpur, Pakistan, with Dera Baba Nanak in India. The corridor permits Indian Sikh pilgrims to visit the shrine without a visa, with up to 5,000 pilgrims allowed daily. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi saw off the first group of pilgrims, who were welcomed by Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan at the shrine. The opening marked a rare cooperative gesture between the nuclear-armed rivals.

✓ VERIFIED3 SOURCESKartarpur, Punjab, Pakistan
2019-08-07
12:00 UTC
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Pakistan expels Indian envoy, suspends trade after India revokes Kashmir autonomy

On 7 August 2019, Pakistan expelled India's High Commissioner to Pakistan and suspended bilateral trade with India. This action was taken in response to India's revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir under Article 370 of the Indian Constitution on 5 August 2019. Pakistan also downgraded diplomatic ties, with the Indian mission in Islamabad subsequently headed by a Charge d'Affaires. The move escalated tensions between the two nuclear-armed neighbors over the disputed Kashmir region.

✓ VERIFIED3 SOURCESIslamabad, Pakistan
2019-08-05
12:00 UTC
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India revokes Article 370, splits Jammu and Kashmir into two union territories

On 5 August 2019, the Government of India issued a presidential order abrogating Article 370 of the Indian Constitution, which had granted special autonomous status to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. The Indian Parliament's upper house, the Rajya Sabha, passed a resolution recommending the revocation and the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Bill on the same day; the lower house, the Lok Sabha, passed them on 6 August. The reorganisation act divided the state into two union territories: Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh, effective 31 October 2019. The move was accompanied by a communications blackout and security lockdown in the region.

✓ VERIFIED4 SOURCESIndia
2019-08-05
12:00 UTC
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India revokes Jammu and Kashmir's special status, splits state into two union territories

On 5 August 2019, the Government of India revoked the special autonomous status of Jammu and Kashmir by abrogating Article 370 and Article 35A via presidential orders. The state was subsequently bifurcated into two union territories: Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh. The decision has remained contentious, with regional parties opposing it and the central government defending it as constitutional integration.

✓ VERIFIED4 SOURCESJammu and Kashmir, India
2019-03-01
12:00 UTC
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Pakistan releases Indian pilot Abhinandan Varthaman in peace gesture

On 1 March 2019, Pakistan released Indian Air Force pilot Wing Commander Abhinandan Varthaman, who had been captured after his MiG-21 was shot down during a dogfight on 27 February 2019. He crossed into India at the Wagah border checkpoint. Pakistan's foreign ministry described the release as a 'peace gesture' aimed at de-escalating tensions, while India saw it as a diplomatic victory.

✓ VERIFIED4 SOURCESWagah border, India-Pakistan
2019-02-27
12:00 UTC
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Pakistan says it shot down two Indian jets and captured pilot Abhinandan Varthaman

On 27 February 2019, following Indian airstrikes in Balakot, Pakistan conducted retaliatory airstrikes in Indian-administered Kashmir. In the ensuing dogfight, Pakistan claimed to have shot down two Indian aircraft and captured Indian pilot Abhinandan Varthaman. India acknowledged the loss of one MiG-21 Bison and the capture of its pilot, who was released on 1 March 2019. India also claimed to have shot down a Pakistani F-16, a claim Pakistan denied and which was not supported by US fleet counts.

✓ VERIFIED3 SOURCESJammu and Kashmir, India
2019-02-26
00:00 UTC
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Indian warplanes strike Jaish-e-Mohammed camp in Balakot, first since 1971

On 26 February 2019, Indian Air Force warplanes crossed into Pakistani territory and dropped bombs near Balakot in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, targeting what India described as a Jaish-e-Mohammed training camp. Pakistan's military confirmed the airstrike, stating the bombs fell in an uninhabited area. This was the first Indian airstrike on Pakistani soil since the 1971 war. Subsequent satellite imagery and on-site inspections suggested the strike did not hit significant targets.

✓ VERIFIED3 SOURCESBalakot, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
2019-02-26
00:00 UTC
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India strikes Jaish-e-Mohammed camp in Balakot, first since 1971

On 26 February 2019, Indian Air Force warplanes crossed into Pakistani airspace and bombed a Jaish-e-Mohammed training camp near Balakot in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The strike was in response to a suicide attack on Indian security forces in Pulwama, Kashmir, that killed 40 personnel. Pakistan denied significant damage and retaliated with an aerial engagement the next day, leading to a dogfight and the capture of an Indian pilot. The strikes were the first Indian airstrikes on Pakistani territory since the 1971 war.

✓ VERIFIED1 SOURCESBalakot, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
2019-02-14
12:00 UTC
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Pulwama suicide attack kills 40 CRPF personnel; Jaish-e-Mohammed claims responsibility

On 14 February 2019, a suicide bomber rammed an explosive-laden vehicle into a Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) convoy in Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir, killing 40 personnel. The Pakistan-based militant group Jaish-e-Mohammed claimed responsibility for the attack. The incident escalated tensions between India and Pakistan and led to widespread condemnation.

✓ VERIFIED4 SOURCESPulwama, Jammu and Kashmir, India
2019-02-14
12:00 UTC
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Pulwama suicide attack kills 40 Indian paramilitary personnel; Jaish-e-Mohammed claims responsibility

On 14 February 2019, a vehicle-borne suicide bomber attacked a convoy of the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) on the Jammu–Srinagar National Highway near Lethapora in Pulwama district, Jammu and Kashmir, India. The blast killed 40 CRPF personnel and the bomber, Adil Ahmad Dar, a local Kashmiri youth. The Pakistan-based militant group Jaish-e-Mohammed claimed responsibility for the attack. India blamed Pakistan for supporting the group, while Pakistan condemned the attack and denied involvement.

✓ VERIFIED4 SOURCESPulwama, Jammu and Kashmir, India